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Miku Hatsune

Miku Hatsune : Software Cover

Miku Hatsune is a singing synthesizer software developed by Crypton Future Media that enables users to synthesize singing by typing in the lyrics and melody.  Unlike other speech synthesizers, Miku Hatsune is tuned to make J-pop and Anime songs.

Miku Hatsune : Dancing with leeks (http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm1142379)

Miku Hatsune became extremely popular in video sharing platform Nico Nico Douga ([knowledge_object_id:28]), where users started posting videos with songs created by the software immediately after its release.  Miku Hatsune-related videos in Nico Nico Douga are often collaboratively produced : users post original songs, popular songs generate multiple illustrations, 2d/3d animations, dance moves and remixes.  Her popularity is so significant in Nico Nico Douga that she has basically become the “Icon” of the platform.

Supercell: Album cover

Supercell is a 11 person band which formed through such collaboration of Miku Hatsune videos on Nico Nico Douga.  The band is lead by Ryo, the musician and lyricist, and 10 other members who contribute designs, animations and illustrations.  Their first Miku Hatsune featured songs “Melt” and “Koi wa senso” received more than 5 milllion views in total on Nico Nico, which brought them a record deal with Sony Music Entertainment and their first major release album “Supercell” ranked 4th in the Japanese music charts.  Sweet Vacation and Absorb are other examples of major label pop bands who featured Miku’s voice in their releases.  As more hit songs with her voice were released from major labels, her popularity quickly spread outside of the Nico Nico community, and now Miku Hatsune is recognized throughout in Japanese popular culture.

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#collection [id:29, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-24T10.42.39.0Z", tag:"Miku Hatsune, Nico Nico Douga, User generated content"]

#hiromi [creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-24T10.42.39.0Z", tag:"Miku Hatsune, Nico Nico Douga, User generated content"]

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from Nico Nico Douga - Miku Hatsune (http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm1142379)

from Nico Nico Douga - Chiruno's Perfect Maths Class (http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm5054636)

Nico Nico Douga (literal translation: Smiley Videos) is a Japanese video sharing platform which is a mix between 2channel (mentioned in [knowledge_object_id:21] ) and Youtube, that gained massive popularity since the launch in late 2006. Just to describe how quickly it became popular – in two and a half years of launching, Nico Nico Douga is [alexa] the 14th most visited website in Japan[/alexa], with [japaninternetnews] more the 14 million registered users[/japaninternetnews], more than one million uploaded videos, and more than one billion comments.

The most unique innovation of Nico Nico Douga is the way comments are placed on the videos. Users can comment while they watch videos, adding the comments directly on top of the video, and all the following users can see comments of previous users as part of the video (all comments scroll into the frame of the moving image from right to left)

Nico Nico Douga users comment to each other’s comments as well as the videos that are streaming in the background. Sometimes there are only one of two comments scrolling over the video and at other moments the whole screen is full – when this happens it’s called a “Danmaku” (a bullet curtain)

Nico Nico Douga - 100 people dancing Chiruno's Perfect Maths Class (http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm7279391)

Another interesting characteristic of Nico Nico Douga is the amount of user generated content, mostly related to anime, computer games, pop music and Otaku culture uploaded to the platform. Popular genres include “Odottemita (Tried dancing)” and “Utattemita (Tried Singing)”, where amateurs film themselves dancing or singing to well known Anime tracks, or “MAD movies” which are DIY music videos that remix exiting footage, often combined with songs performed by the vocal synthesiser Miku Hatsune (the singing is created by a software called Vocaloid).
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#collection [id:28, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", tag:"Nico Nico Douga, Miku Hatsune", time:"2009-09-27T23.08.07.0Z" ]
#hiromi [id:28, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", tag:"Nico Nico Douga, Miku Hatsune", time:"2009-09-27T23.08.07.0Z" ]
#alexa[creator:"Alexa Internet", title:"Alexa Traffic Ranking", url:"http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/JP", time:"2009-09-27T23.07.04.0Z"]
#japaninternetnews [creator:"japan.internet.news", tag:"Nico Nico Douga", title:"Nico Nico Douga's premium membership exceeds 500,000", url:"http://japan.internet.com/wmnews/20090924/4.html", time:"2009-09-24T00.00.00.0Z"]
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Error and Innovation

[innovation]The ‘Innovation Approach’ is a prediction method in statistical science where prediction errors are considered an Innovation to learn from. Using this approach the prediction model incorporates the error into its system to better predict the changing world. [/innovation] It’s interesting how the method works on many fields of data: brain waves, power plant control, and even financial markets which are more socially and psychologically complex. It’s not an exaggeration to say that many innovations in science, social science and philosophy have often emerged from errors and speculations. A collaborative knowledge creating platform capable of Innovating, may also need to host errors and speculations as much as reliable and citable facts. This takes us back to the diagram in [knowledge_object_id:4] where I mapped out the online collaborative frameworks.  A collaborative knowledge platform capable of innovating, could be described as a Playground model in [knowledge_object_id:4]s diagram, where contributors with many agendas are able to contribute.
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#collection [id: 24, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-25T01.41.58.0Z", tag:"Error, Innovation, Playground"]

#hiromi [creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-25T01.41.58.0Z", tag:"Error, Innovation, Playground"]

#innovation[creator: "Tohru Ozaki, Mitsunori Iino", title:"An innovation approach to non-Gaussian time series analysis", description:" J. Appl. Probab. Volume 38A, Issue (2001), 78-92.", time: "2001-01-01T00.00.00.0Z", tag:"Innovation Apparoach, Statistics, Applied, Probability"]

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Object Oriented Knowledge

[bruno latour] “we have gone from a time of Time to a time of Space, from a time of succession to a time of co-existence” [/brunolatour]

Going back to Geert Lovink’s suggestion in [knowledge_object_id:22] about the lack of knowledge created on online platforms, what maybe necessary is a platform where numerous knowledge objects co-exist, free from Wikipedia-like moderation but open for readers to aggregate the contents, inter-link, and make sense out of. In Making Things Public, Bruno Latour uses the term object-oriented politics to describe post-modern politics which turn around objects of interest, issues and affairs instead of a single object that rules. I believe a similar perspective is valid in the knowledge realm: people’s understanding is more formed around decentralized and distributed objects of interest (hyperlinks, blog posts, video streams, tweets) instead of a single grand theory that rules. In Latour’s words, [brunolatour] the notion of a universal forum is probably a notion that we should loseWeight Exercise. [/brunolatour]

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#collection [id:23, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-25T01.41.58.0Z", tag:"Object Oriented Knowledge, Bruno Latour, Dingpolitiks"]

#hiromi [creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-25T01.41.58.0Z", tag:"Object Oriented Knowledge, Bruno Latour, Dingpolitiks"]

#brunolatour [creator: "Bruno Latour", title:"Making Things Public (Atmospheres of Democracy) - MIT Press", time: "2005-11-01T00.00.00.0Z", tag:"Object Oriented Politics, Dingpolitiks, Time of Space, Time of Time"]

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Collective Anonymity

I’d like to bring up Wikipedia as an example of Collective Anonymity. Although in a strict sense Wikipedia is not anonymous at all (since almost all revisions are associated with a user), I’m using the term ‘Anonymous’ to mean that its articles are generally described “authorless” because they’ve been written and edited collectively. As seen in [knowledge_object_id:19]s Wiki v.s. AcademiXML diagram, Wikipedia follows a Many makes One method of collaboration, a method similar to that of the Bible or mythologies, written, spoken and edited over many hundreds of years. The Mass-think, Many makes One philosophy seems a prominent image shared by some utopic Web 2.0 visions, but what is notable is how the “One” becomes increasingly imposing as more contributions are made – making, for example, Wikipedia an extremely moderated site requiring a lot of expertise to avoid getting a new article banned. Wikipedia is a significant achievement in terms of creating high quality, free access encyclopedia, but in this sense it does strongly resemble “unity imposed on texts”. This may be a crucial reason behind the following issue raised by Geert Lovink about the lack of new theory developed on Wiki platforms :
[lovink] ‘why are wikis and other online platforms not utilized more to create, develop and change theory and theoretical concepts, instead of theory continuing to be considered, as it is now, primarily the ‘terrain of the sole author who contemplates the world, preferably offline, surrounded by a pile of books, a fountain pen, and a notebook?’’[/lovink]
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#collection [id:22, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-25T01.41.58.0Z", tag:"Collective Anonymity"]

#hiromi [creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-25T01.41.58.0Z", tag:"Collective Anonymity"]

#lovink [creator: "Geert Lovink", title:"Updating Tactical Media: Strategies for Media Activism’, Zero Comments: Blogging and Critical Internet Culture (London: Routledge)", time: "2007-08-09T00.00.00.0Z", tag:"Wiki, New Theory, Innovation"]

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Individual Anonymity

The most prominent example of a collaborative platform with Individual Anonymity would be the gigantic internet forum ‘2channel‘ launched in 1999, which gained significant influence on Japanese society. One of the most distinctive features of 2channel is its complete freedom of anonymous posting, which makes it an incredible space hosting extreme opinions, slanders and scandal disclosures. The anonymous posts in 2channel are seldom seen as ‘unity imposing’ as I have suggested, but are rather considered extreme, unreliable and frequently vulgar by the general public. Nonetheless 2channel provides an important and popular space of discussion especially in a society where social hierarchy, reputation and shyness make people tend to avoid debates. In an interview with Japan Media Review, 2channel founder Hiroyuki describes his reasons for anonymous posting.

[hiroyuki]…because delivering news without taking any risk is very important to us. There is a lot of information disclosure or secret news gathered on Channel 2. Few people would post that kind of information by taking a risk. Moreover, people can only truly discuss something when they don’t know each other. If there is a user ID attached to a user, a discussion tends to become a criticizing game. On the other hand, under the anonymous system, even though your opinion/information is criticized, you don’t know with whom to be upset. Also with a user ID, those who participate in the site for a long time tend to have authority, and it becomes difficult for a user to disagree with them. Under a perfectly anonymous system, you can say, “it’s boring,” if it is actually boring. All information is treated equally; only an accurate argument will work. [/hiroyuki]

In 2 channel’s case its anonymity breaks down the imposing nature of an individual, turning participation into Identity. What matters the most is the contributed content at that very moment – the value of a posted content seldom grows over time.
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#collection [id:21, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-25T01.41.58.0Z", tag:"Individual Anonymity, 2channel"]

#hiromi [creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-25T01.41.58.0Z", tag:"Individual Anonymity, 2channel"]

#hiroyuki [creator: "Hiroyuki Nishimura", description: "an interview for Japan Media Review", time: "2004-08-26T00.00.00.0Z", tag:"2Channel, Hiroyuki Nishimura, Anonymity, Japan", url:"http://ojr.org/japan/internet/1093543502.php" ]

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Wiki v.s AcademiXML : Diagram

The writing and reading process of the two platforms can be expressed in the following diagrams.

Wiki model: readers access a singular knowledge.

AcademiXML model : readers choose the knowledge to access (editor/aggregator)

In the wiki model, authors contribute to a singular knowledge, which appears exactly the same to all viewers (Many makes One platform). In the AcademiXML model, authors contribute objects of knowledge into a database, which appear differently to each viewer based on how they filter the information (Many makes Many platform). An author in AcademiXML can also contribute a ‘collection’, which are relevant groupings of knowledge objects, similar to playlists in iTunes or Youtube. In a traditional academic sense, a collection can be seen as a book, thesis or paper: a collection, represents the idea constructed from the inter-linked knowledge objects. Furthermore, a collection of collections, or even a collection of collections of collections can be contributed in AcademiXML.
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#collection [id:19, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-24T16.37.10.0Z", tag:"AcademiXML, wiki,diagram, Many makes Many, Many makes One"]

#hiromi [creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-24T16.37.10.0Z", tag:"AcademiXML, wiki, diagram, Many makes Many, Many makes One"]

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Nico Nico Douga - Miku Hachune (http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm982882)

Miku Hatsune([knowledge_object_id:29]) is technically a copy-righted and commercial software but she has a strong association with the Open Source culture because its creators Crypton positively encouraged users to copy, remix and make parallel versions with her voice and her character. Oddly, Miku Hatsune is often portrayed “holding a leek” which originated from an early popular animation uploaded in 2007 (with currently more than 2.5 million views) featuring “Miku Hachune” drawn in a more rounded, deformed style, singing “Levan Polkka” with a leek in her hand. The leeks, which since appear in many other user-created content not restricted to Miku Hatsune, became (rather accidentally) the symbol of the ‘empowerment’ of user generated creativity and open source movement in the Nico Nico community.
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#collection [id:30, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-24T10.42.39.0Z", tag:"Miku Hatsune, Nico Nico Douga, Open Source, User generated content, Leeks"]

#hiromi [creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-24T10.42.39.0Z", tag:"Miku Hatsune, Nico Nico Douga, Open Source, User generated content, Leeks"]

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Linear v.s. Nonlinear

A crucial idea of AcademiXML is to deconstruct the concept of a ‘book’, where a theory is generally supported with a linear structure of introduction, chapters and a single conclusion, into a ‘collection’ of knowledge objects, making it more seamless with the way people view and aggregate information on web. The structure of text becomes rather dominating in Wiki-based documents because readers cannot rearrange the pages and categories they view on the fly. If Wikis are powerful for collaboratively editing a structured body of text, the machine-readable, XML format of AcademiXML makes it powerful for creating smaller objects of texts which can be tagged, rearranged and associated with ease, allowing content to be viewed nonlinearly.
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#collection [id:18, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-24T16.37.10.0Z", tag:"AcademiXML, wiki"]

#hiromi [creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-24T16.37.10.0Z", tag:"AcademiXML, wiki"]

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転調アリ、テンポ変えアリ、語りアリ、この音楽性めっちゃすごいな。
スプツニ子新アルバムもBPM２倍くらいにしていこーかなー

key change, tempo change, lyrics, spoken words, a music cultural highpoint.

LOVE IT!