Anonymity

In his essay ‘What Is an Author?’, Michel Foucault affirms the writing of a discourse freed of impositions of authorship, stating [foucault] “the author is the ideological figure by which one marks the manner in which we fear the proliferation of meaning” [/foucault] indicating how the concept of an author acts to close and fix the meaning of the text.

In [knowledge_object_id:21] and [knowledge_object_id:22] I’d like to show how a certain kind of anonymity may risk the meaning of the texts to proliferate, in a manner potentially unity imposing and (ironically) authoritative – by looking at collaborative writing platforms online. Firstly I believe we’re seeing two types of Anonymity, which can be categorized as:

1. Individual Anonymity : anonymous contributions made by anonymous individuals.

2. Collective Anonymity : contributions made anonymous via collective editing.

[/hiromi]
[/collection]

#collection [id:20, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-25T01.41.58.0Z", tag:"Anonymity, Individual Anonymity, Collective Anonymity, Foucault"]

#hiromi [creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-25T01.41.58.0Z", tag:"Anonymity, Individual Anonymity, Collective Anonymity, Foucault"]

#foucalt [creator: "Michel Foucault", title:"What Is an Author?" description: "in Paul Rabinow ed., The Foucault Reader (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984)", time: "1970-01-01T00.00.00.0Z", tag:"Author, Function, Language, Post Structuralist, Post Modern" ]

[/academixml]

[/hiromi]
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#collection [id:15, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", tags:"AcademiXML, Language, Reference", time:"2009-09-20T13:25:36.0Z", lat:40.78, lon:73.97]

#hiromi [creator: "Hiromi Ozaki", tags: "AcademiXML, Language, Reference", time:"2009-09-20T13:25:36.0Z", lat:40.78, lon:73.97]

[/academixml]

What is AcademiXML?

AcademiXML is a markup language for writing, connecting and sharing academic text. It allows the the author to tag her own piece of writing with the author name, time, location, keywords and other relevant information so her text can be filtered by a chosen keyword or be associated with other authors’ texts.

AcademiXML supports the addition of context or “meta-data” about where the writing came from, in a form meaningful both to machines and humans to facilitate the searching of data streams they particularly need. This helps spontaneous, unplanned connections to be made between texts from different sources with common contexts.

A fundamental idea of AcademiXML is to break down the traditional book or a thesis into smaller chunks of knowledge so they can be readily re-arranged, be filtered, read non-linearly and aggregated into other books or collections of knowledge, similar with regard to (but in AcademiXML‘s case, more fine-grained) what liquid publications puts it [liquidpub] ‘groupings of publications that can be based on topic and time but also on arbitrary rules in terms of what is included and how the quality of publications is assessed for them to be included in the collection.’[/liquidpub]

AcademiXML is currently in active development in collaboration with my colleague Cesar Harada .
[/hiromi]
{/collection]

#collection [id:13, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", tags:"Liquid Publication, AcademiXML, Overview", time:"2009-09-19T13:37:45.0Z", lat:40.78, lon:73.97]

#hiromi [creator: "Hiromi Ozaki", tags: "AcademiXML, Overview", time:"2009-09-19T12:38:51.0Z", lat:40.78, lon:73.97]

#liquidpub [creator: "Liquid Publication", title:"Liquid Publications: Scientific Publications meet the Web ", tag: "Scientific Publication, Liquid Books, Liquid Publication", time:"2009-09-19T13:31:27.0Z", url: "http://liquidpub.org/"]

[/academixml]

AcademiXML ver 1.0 – Syntax

Since most text, audio and video formats available on the web is in the HTML format, AcademiXML is designed to work with HTML as well as standalone.

When AcademiXML is used with HTML, the symbols “<” and “>” are replaced with “[" and "]” (similar to the markup language used in Wikipedia) to avoid confusion with HTML tags. The author can enclose snippets of her blog posts or her web page in AcademiXML to make that portion of text discoverable by the AcademiXML web crawler, which adds the text in its global network of academic texts. Alternatively, she can write the text entirely in the AcademiXML format and publish it on the web as a xml file.

Instance Case 1: Minimal Implementation
Below is an example of a minimal implementation in AcademiXML.

<academixml xsi:schemaLocation=”http://www.academixml.org/xsd/001.xsd” version=”1″>
<collection author =”Hiromi Ozaki”, time = “2009-09-19T13:37:45.0Z”>
<feed>http://www.academixml.org/examples/helloworld.xml</feed>
<data author =”Hiromi Ozaki”, time = “2009-09-19T13:37:45.0Z”>
<value>Hello World! This is my first academic text written in AcademiXML. </value>
</data>
</collection>
</academixml>

Instance Case 2 : Minimal Implementation with HTML
Below is an example of a minimal implementation in AcademiXML used within HTML.

[academixml]
[collection]
[hiromi]Hello World! This is my first academic text written in AcademiXML.[/hiromi]
[/collection]
#collection [creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-19T13:37:45.0Z"]
#hiromi [creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-19T13:37:45.0Z"]
[/academixml]

The AcademiXML for HTML differs from its standard XML format in the way that it has ‘declarations’ in the very end or the beginning, in a style similar to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). By declaring all details of the texts and author in one section, it un-clutters the text making it more legible for the readers. Alternatively, if legibility is not an issue, the writer can still write the text in the same format as the original, in which case the “<” and “>” symbols are simply replaced with “[" and "]“.

Instance Case 3 : Complete Implementation
Below is an example of AcademiXML containing complete information that can be recorded.
<academixml xsi:schemaLocation=”http://www.academixml.org/xsd/001.xsd” version=”1″>
<collection creator=”Hiromi Ozaki”, time = “2009-09-19T13:37:45.0Z”>
<tag>AcademiXML</tag>
<tag>Complete;/tag>
<tag>Example;/tag>
<feed>http://www.academixml.org/examples/complete.xml</feed>
<lat>40.78</lat>
<lon>73.97</lon>
<email>contact@sputniko.com</email>
<data id=”0″ creator=”Hiromi Ozaki”, time= “2009-09-19T20:21:15.0Z”>
<tag>Tests</tag>
<url>http://sputniko.com/blog/?p=240</url>
<value>AcademiXML is a markup language for writing, connecting and sharing academic text. AcademiXML lets the writer tag her own piece of writing with the author name, time, location, keywords and other relevant information so her text can be filtered by a chosen keyword or be associated with other authors’ writing. AcademiXML supports the addition of context or “meta-data” about where the writing came from, in a form meaningful both to machines and humans to facilitate the searching of data streams that they particularly need. This helps spontaneous, unplanned connections to be made between texts from different sources with common contexts.</value>
</data>
<data id=”1″ creator=”Cesar Harada” time=”2009-09-13T10:17:52.0Z”>
<title>The Second Article</title>
<tag>Basic Idea</tag>
<lat>51.50</lat>
<lon>-0.13;/lon>
<email>contact@cesarharada.com</email>
<value>A fundamental idea of AcademiXML is the breaking down of the traditional book or a thesis into smaller objects of knowledge, so they may be readily re-arranged, filtered and aggregated into other books or collections of knowledge.</value>
</data>
</collection>
</academixml>

Instance Case 3 : Complete Implementation within HTML
Below is an example of AcademiXML used within HTML, containing complete information that can be recorded.

[academixml]
[collection]

[hiromi] AcademiXML is a markup language for writing, connecting and sharing academic text. AcademiXML lets the writer tag her own piece of writing with the author name, time, location, keywords and other relevant information so her text can be filtered by a chosen keyword or be associated with other authors’ writing. AcademiXML supports the addition of context or “meta-data” about where the writing came from, in a form meaningful both to machines and humans to facilitate the searching of data streams that they particularly need. This helps spontaneous, unplanned connections to be made between texts from different sources with common contexts.[/hiromi]

[cesar]A fundamental idea of AcademiXML is the breaking down of the traditional book or a thesis into smaller objects of knowledge, so they may be readily re-arranged, filtered and aggregated into other books or collections of knowledge.[/cesar]

[/collection]

#collection [creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-19T13:37:45.0Z", tag:"AcademiXML, Complete, Example", lat:40.78, lon:73.97, email:contact@sputniko.com]

#hiromi [creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", time:"2009-09-19T20:21:15.0Z", tag:"Tests", url:"http://sputniko.com/blog/?p=240"]

#cesar [creator:"Cesar Harada", time:"2009-09-13T10:17:52.0Z", title:"The Second Article", email:contact@cesarharada.com, tag:"Basic Idea", lat:51.50, lon:-0.13]
[/academixml]

[/hiromi]
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#collection [id:12, creator:"Hiromi Ozaki", tags:"AcademiXML, Syntax", time:"2009-09-19T22:30:25.0Z", lat:40.783333, lon:73.966667]

#hiromi [creator: "Hiromi Ozaki", tags: "AcademiXML, Syntax", time:"2009-09-19T22:30:25.0Z", lat:40.783333, lon:73.966667]

[/academixml]